The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but “appealing” flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects. In fact, hookah users are at risks of infections, cancers, lung disease, and other medical conditions. Moreover, because of the overlapping toxicant/chemical profile to conventional cigarettes, hookah smoke effects on the cardiovascular system are thought to be comparable to those of conventional cigarettes. A major source of tobacco addiction is nicotine, whose levels in hookah are extremely variable as they depend on the type of tobacco used. Taken together, in this review of literature, we will provide insights on the negative health effects of hookah in general, with a focus on what is known regarding its impact on the cardiovascular system.

Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis

Frontiers Prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 73 countries/territories

Epidemiology and Adverse Consequences of Hookah/Waterpipe Use: A Systematic Review

Hookah Smoking in the U.S.

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System

The adverse health effects of waterpipe smoking in adolescents and young adults: A narrative review

PDF) Does hookah smoking carry less cardiovascular risks than cigarette smoking in patients presenting with myocardial infarction?

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis

Health Risks Between The Smoking Of Cigarettes And Hookahs

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Association between waterpipe use and susceptibility to cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults who never smoked: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hookah Smoking: Cancer Risk and Health Concerns