Production possibility frontier (PPF; red curve) represents trade-offs

Download scientific diagram | Production possibility frontier (PPF; red curve) represents trade-offs in investment strategies that phototrophic symbionts may face with the photosynthate they create in hospite. Algae may use their energy stores to create more cells through mitosis (a durable good—see orange arrow), but this comes at the cost of carbon that is translocated to the host (a consumable good—see gray arrow). It is assumed that natural selection would rapidly remove inefficiencies (star in graph) where more carbon could be translocated or its energetic equivalents used for cell division. Thus, “Pareto efficiencies” that comprise the curve represent evolutionary optima. The tangent to the curve represents opportunity costs associated with producing one commodity over the other. A prediction of the Arrested Phagosome Hypothesis is that symbionts will increase the time they reside in a cell by translocating more material to the host (moving from mutant 2 to 1). However, if a mutant can release less photosynthate without losing its ability to evade host defenses (moving from mutant 1 to 2), then natural selection may favor that strategy as more cells will be available to colonize additional cells and hosts in the environment. If the PPF shifts inward (green curve) due to some major environmental event (e.g., thermal stress), the symbionts are faced with a smaller energy budget. If amount of photosynthate that must be translocated to meet host demands does not change, fewer cells can be produced (see open points on the red and green curves). This is a scenario that might lead to phenomena like coral bleaching. from publication: Production possibility frontiers in phototroph: Heterotroph symbioses: Trade-offs in allocating fixed carbon pools and the challenges these alternatives present for understanding the acquisition of intracellular habitats | Intracellular habitats have been invaded by a remarkable diversity of organisms, and strategies employed to successfully reside in another species' cellular space are varied. Common selective pressures may be experienced in symbioses involving phototrophic symbionts and | Habitat, Frontier and Chlorella | ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.

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